海岛生态修复研究动态

随着海岛的开发和利用,海岛生态破坏形势日益严峻,急需开展海岛生态修复研究工作。本文通过分析国内外海岛生态修复研究的一些成果,对海岛生态修复的理论基础、生态修复的模式、修复技术方法进行了总结,指出海岛生态修复仍处于基础性研究阶段,修复理论、模式及技术等方面的研究尚不成熟,还需进行深入研究。并对海岛生态修复研究的发展趋势进行了分析,为海岛生态修复的研究提供经验借鉴。     

某热电厂职业病危害现状调查分析

目的 调查热电厂作业场所危害因素分布特点及浓度,结合作业人员职业健康检查结果,探究各类职业病危害因素对作业人员健康的影响.方法 采用现场职业卫生学调查对热电厂各车间职业病危害因素进行识别,依据作业场所各类职业病危害因素健康效应、现场检测浓度和强度,结合作业人员近2年职业健康检查结果进行对照分析.结果 作业场所各类化学物质检测浓度均符合国家卫生限值要求,粉尘个别检测值超过卫生限值要求;个体噪声检测强度超出卫生限值要求;近2年职业健康检查结果显示,每年均筛检出噪声岗位职业禁忌证患者,且血压升高和肺功能异常人数有所增加.结论 热电厂作业工人听力异常受作业场所高噪声影响较明显,肺功能异常可能受粉尘、氢氧化钠、盐酸、氨等职业病危害因素影响.     

水体中总氮检测的方法研究

使用碱性过硫酸钾氧化紫外分光光度法(GB 11894—1989)测定水中的总氮时,在严格按该方法分析步骤操作的情况下,依然会出现空白值偏高、检测结果不准确等问题。本文对水中总氮检测过程中的影响因素进行了总结、分析,对需要重点注意的环节进行了探讨,找出了问题的原因并提出了解决方法。     

液液萃取-高效液相色谱法测定水中阿特拉津质量控制指标体系研究

文章采用液液萃取-高效液相色谱法,通过统计全国多家实验室的测定数据,对水中阿特拉津测试的精密度和准确度两大类共5个质控指标及其评价标准进行了研究,提出在概率P和γ均为0.90时,平行样、空白加标回收率平行样和样品加标回收率平行样最大相对偏差应分别控制在7.5%、10.5%和9.7%;空白加标浓度为0.1～20μg/L时,回收率应控制在59%～118%;样品测定浓度为未检出、加标浓度在0.2～20μg/L时,实际样品加标回收率应控制在73%～106%。     

内配燃料垃圾焚烧飞灰烧结无害化处理实验研究

研究了一种垃圾焚烧飞灰烧结无害化处理的工艺,该工艺是将飞灰与不同比例煤粉混合并添加助熔剂进行造粒烧结。通过对试样进行热流和热重测量,分析了飞灰试样在加热过程中热重变化的规律,并利用XRD、扫描电镜、氮吸附分析仪等仪器分析手段对烧结试样的物相、微观形态和孔隙特性等物理化学性质进行了研究。最后采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪对烧结试样重金属浸出性进行了分析。实验结果为飞灰烧结炉的设计和内配燃料烧结工艺运行参数的制定提供了依据。     

Responses of protists with different feeding habits to the changes of activated sludge conditions: A study based on biomass data

Changes of protists, which were categorized into different functional groups primarily according to their feeding habits, in two full-scale municipal wastewater treatment systems experiencing sludge bulking were investigated over a period of 14 months. Protist biomass represented 3.7% to 5.2% of total biomass on average under normal sludge conditions, and the percentage increased significantly (p < 0.05) under sludge bulking conditions. The biomass of Chilodonella spp., capable of eating filamentous bacteria, tended to decrease in both systems when sludge bulking occurred, showing that the abnormal growth of filamentous bacteria did not lead to a biomass bloom of this group of protists. On the other hand, the bactivorous protists represented more than 96% of total protist biomass, and the biomass of this group, particularly the attached ciliates, increased significantly (p < 0.05) when sludge bulking occurred. The significant increase of the attached ciliates may have possibly facilitated the growth of filamentous bacteria through selectively preying on non-filamentous bacteria and further exacerbated sludge bulking. The redundancy analysis and correlation analysis results showed that the biomass changes of the attached ciliates were primarily related to the sludge volume index and to some extent related to five-day biochemical oxygen demand loading and hydraulic retention time.     

Variation of cyanobacteria with different environmental conditions in Nansi Lake, China

Nansi Lake is located on the east line of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project in China. A comprehensive study was carried out to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of cyanobacteria in the lake from June 2008 to May 2011 based on monthly sample monitoring from five stations. The effect of environmental factors on cyanobacterial abundance was also evaluated. The cyanobacterial community contained 15 genera and 23 species. The cyanobacterial abundance of each monitoring station ranged from 0 to 1.53× 10⁷ cells/L with an average of 1.45×10⁶ cells/L, which accounted for 11.66% of the total phytoplankton abundance. The dominant species of cyanobacteria were Pseudanabaena (32.94%) and Merismopedia (19.85%), not the bloom-forming algae such as Microcystis and Anabaena. In addition, the cyanobacterial community structure and water quality variables changed substantially over the survey period. Redundancy analysis (RDA) suggested that temperature and phosphorus were important environmental factors that affected cyanobacteria. Temperature was the most important factor affecting cyanobacterial abundance. The effect of phosphorus on cyanobacterial abundance was more notable in warm periods than in periods with low temperature.     

Ultrafine particle emission characteristics of diesel engine by on-board and test bench measurement

This study investigated the emission characteristics of ultrafine particles based on test bench and on-board measurements. The bench test results showed the ultrafine particle number concentration of the diesel engine to be in the range of (0.56-8.35) × 10⁸ cm^-3. The on-board measurement results illustrated that the ultrafine particles were strongly correlated with changes in real-world driving cycles. The particle number concentration was down to 2.0 × 10⁶ cm^-3 and 2.7 × 10⁷ cm^-3 under decelerating and idling operations and as high as 5.0 × 10⁸ cm^-3 under accelerating operation. It was also indicated that the particle number measured by the two methods increased with the growth of engine load at each engine speed in both cases. The particle number presented a "U" shaped distribution with changing speed at high engine load conditions, which implies that the particle number will reach its lowest level at medium engine speeds. The particle sizes of both measurements showed single mode distributions. The peak of particle size was located at about 50-80 nm in the accumulation mode particle range. Nucleation mode particles will significantly increase at low engine load operations like idling and decelerating caused by the high concentration of unburned organic compounds.     

Rapid decolorization of Acid Orange II aqueous solution by amorphous zero-valent iron

Some problems including low treatment capacity, agglomeration and clogging phenomena, and short working life, limit the application of pre-treatment methods involving zero-valent iron (ZVI). In this article, ZVI was frozen in an amorphous state through a melt-spinning technique, and the decolorization effect of amorphous ZVI on Acid Orange II solution was investigated under varied conditions of experimental variables such as reaction temperature, ribbon dosage, and initial pH. Batch experiments suggested that the decolorization rate was enhanced with the increase of reaction temperature and ribbon dosage, but decreased with increasing initial solution pH. Kinetic analyses indicated that the decolorization process followed a first order exponential kinetic model, and the surface-normalized decolorization rate could reach 2.09 L/(m². min) at room temperature, which was about ten times larger than any previously reported under similar conditions. Recycling experiments also proved that the ribbons could be reused at least four times without obvious decay of decolorization rate and efficiency. This study suggests a tremendous application potential for amorphous ZVI in remediation of groundwater or wastewater contaminated with azo dyes.